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Ransomware

Ransomware explained: How extortion trojans operate, why backups alone are not enough, and which precautions are effective.

IT Glossary

In brief

Ransomware is malware that encrypts data and demands a ransom for decryption. Double extortion has now become widespread: data is exfiltrated prior to encryption, so that attackers additionally threaten publication.

Access is usually gained unspectacularly, via phishing, stolen credentials, or unpatched systems. There are often days between initial access and encryption, during which attackers escalate privileges and search for backups.

A chain of measures is therefore effective: multi-factor authentication, consistent patching, behavioural detection on endpoints, segmentation, as well as backups that are separated from the live system and regularly tested for recoverability. See Cloud Backup and Endpoint Protection.